Register Variation and Pragmatic Functions of Lexical Shift in Military and Non-Military Interactions in 13 Hours

Abstract

This study examines register variation and the pragmatic functions of lexical shifts in institutional interactions portrayed in 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. The research focuses on how military personnel, intelligence officers, and diplomatic actors adapt their language according to institutional roles, authority relations, emotional pressure, and operational urgency. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study applies discourse and pragmatic analysis to selected dialogues and scenes from the film. Data were collected through observation, transcription, categorization, and contextual interpretation of interactions involving Global Response Staff (GRS) personnel, CIA members, diplomats, and local militia groups. The findings indicate that GRS personnel demonstrate the most dynamic register shifts, particularly in high-risk situations. Lexical shifts serve various pragmatic functions, including authority negotiation, persuasion, intimidation, operational coordination, conflict escalation, and de-escalation. Furthermore, institutional hierarchy, emotional intensity, and situational demands significantly influence communication patterns and discourse strategies throughout the film.